Music Terminology

Music Terminology

15 min read Updated 2025-01-15

A - D

  • A&R — Artists and Representatives. The department at labels responsible for signing and developing artists.
  • Aggregator — A service that distributes music to multiple platforms on behalf of artists or labels.
  • BPM — Beats Per Minute. The tempo of a recording.
  • Cover Art — The visual artwork associated with a music release.
  • DRM — Digital Rights Management. Technology that controls access to digital content.
  • DSP — Digital Service Provider. Streaming platforms like Spotify, Apple Music, etc.

E - L

  • EAN — European Article Number. A 13-digit product barcode used internationally.
  • EP — Extended Play. A release shorter than a full album, typically 4-6 tracks.
  • ISRC — International Standard Recording Code. A unique 12-character identifier for recordings.
  • LUFS — Loudness Units Full Scale. A measurement of integrated loudness.
  • Lossless — Audio compression that preserves all original data (FLAC, ALAC).
  • Lossy — Audio compression that permanently removes some data (MP3, AAC).

M - R

  • Master — The final recording of a song. The definitive version used for distribution.
  • Metadata — Structured information about a recording (title, artist, ISRC, etc.).
  • Mix — The process of blending and balancing individual tracks into a final stereo recording.
  • Publishing — The business of songwriting rights and royalties.
  • Royalties — Payments earned from the use of copyrighted music.

S - Z

  • Single — A standalone music release, typically one or two tracks.
  • Sync License — A license to use music in visual media (film, TV, commercials).
  • UPC — Universal Product Code. A 12-digit barcode for product identification.
  • WAV — Waveform Audio File Format. An uncompressed audio format.
  • Mastering — The final step in audio post-production, preparing the mix for distribution.